Experimental Study on the Effect of Adding Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Ballistic Limit of Fibers Metal Laminates

Document Type : Solid Mechanics

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

2 Corresponding author: Associate Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

3 Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the ballistic limit of fibers metal laminates (FML) Exprimentaly investigated. For this purpose, the MWCNTs were added with weight percentages of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 to pure epoxy resin and homogenized by mechanical and ultrasonic homogenizers. Then the FMLs were fabricated by fiber glass, 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets, pure epoxy resin, and modified resin with MWCNTs using a hand lay-up process. In the end, Ballistic tests on the samples were conducted by using a conical nose projectile. The experimental results show that the ballistic limit of FMLs is increased by adding MWCNTs. Also highest in this increase was observed in samples containing 0.4 weight percentages of MWCNTs, but in the 0.6 weight percentage, agglomeration of nanoparticles caused a reduction in the mechanical properties. The microstructural investigations using Electron microscopy show that the addition of MWCNTs improves the interfacial adhesion between the epoxy matrix and the reinforcing fibers.

Highlights

  • Investigating the effect of carbon nanotubes in increasing the strength of fiber-metal laminates.
  • Increasing the ballistic limit in samples with carbon nanotubes.
  • Agglomeration of carbon nanotubes caused a reduction in the mechanical properties

Keywords

Smiley face

References

[1] Sinmazçelik T, Avcu E, Bora MÖ, Çoban O. A review: Fibre metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods. Materials & Design. 2011;32(7):3671-85##.
[2] Salve A, Kulkarni R, Mache A. A review: Fiber metal laminates (FML’s)—Manufacturing, test methods and numerical modeling. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences (IJETS). 2016;6(1):71-84##.
[3] Botelho EC, Silva RA, Pardini LC, Rezende MC. A review on the development and properties of continuous fiber/epoxy/aluminum hybrid composites for aircraft structures. Materials Research. 2006;9(3):247-56##.
[4] Villanueva GR, Cantwell W. The high velocity impact response of composite and FML-reinforced sandwich structures. Composites Science and Technology. 2004;64(1):35-54##.
[5] Khan R. Fiber bridging in composite laminates: A literature review. Composite Structures. 2019:111418##.
[6] Treacy MJ, Ebbesen TW, Gibson JM. Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. nature. 1996;381(6584):678-80##.
[7] Androulidakis C, Tsoukleri G, Koutroumanis N, Gkikas G, Pappas P, Parthenios J, et al. Experimentally derived axial stress–strain relations for two-dimensional materials such as monolayer graphene. Carbon. 2015;81:322-8##.
[8] Wong EW, Sheehan PE, Lieber CM. Nanobeam mechanics: elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes. science. 1997;277(5334):1971-5##.
[9] Fischer H. Polymer nanocomposites: from fundamental research to specific applications. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2003;23(6-8):763-72##.
[10] Yaghoubi AS, Liaw B. Thickness influence on ballistic impact behaviors of GLARE 5 fiber-metal laminated beams: Experimental and numerical studies. Composite Structures. 2012;94(8):2585-98##.
[11] Sitnikova E, Guan Z, Schleyer G, Cantwell W. Modelling of perforation failure in fibre metal laminates subjected to high impulsive blast loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2014;51(18):3135-46##.
[12] Khosravi H, Eslami-Farsani R, Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri H. An experimental study on mechanical properties of epoxy/basalt/carbon nanotube composites under tensile and flexural loadings. Journal of Science and Technology of composites. 2016;3(2):187-94##.
[13] Taraghi I, Fereidoon A, Taheri-Behrooz F. Low-velocity impact response of woven Kevlar/epoxy laminated composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes at ambient and low temperatures. Materials & Design. 2014;53:152-8##.
[14] Khajeh Arzani H, Kabiri Ataabadi AR, Chaparian Y. Investigation of effect of structural parameters on high velocity impact resistance of fiber metal laminates. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2019;19(6):1529-38##.
[15] Lighat GH, Pol MH. Experimental investigation of effects of nanoclay on ballistic properties of GLARE. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2014;14(4):141-6##.
 [16] Khansari M, Khodarahmi H, Vaziri A. Experimental study of ballistic properties of hybrid aluminum and epoxy matrix composite reinforced with carbon nanotube. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2017;17(8):126-32##.
[17] Chaparian Y, Kabiri A, Khaje Arzani H, Gerami G. Experimental and numerical investigation of high velocity impact resistance in fiber metal laminates. Journal of Science and Technology of Composites. 2018;5(1):99-108##.
[18] Ghalami-Choobar M, Sadighi M. Investigation of high velocity impact of cylindrical projectile on sandwich panels with fiber–metal laminates skins and polyurethane core. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2014;32(1):142-52##.
[19] Zarei H, Sadighi M, Minak G. Ballistic analysis of fiber metal laminates impacted by flat and conical impactors. Composite Structures. 2017;161:65-72##.
[20] Eslami-Farsani R, Shahrabi-Farahani A, Khosravi H, Zamani MR. A study on the flexural response of grid composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Science and Technology of Composites. 2017;4(1):101-8##.
[21] Zhang J, Ju S, Jiang D, Peng H-X. Reducing dispersity of mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by introducing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2013;54:371-6##.
[22] Shokrieh MM, Zeinedini A, Ghoreishi SM. Effects of adding multiwall carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of Epoxy resin and Glass/Epoxy laminated composites. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2015;15(9):125-33##.
[23] Bashiri Goodarzi H, Yarmohammad Tooski M. An experimental study of the effects of carbon nanotube and graphene addition on the impact strength of Epoxy/Basalt fiber composite. Journal of Science and Technology of Composites. 2019;6(3):411-8##.
[24] Khoramishad H, Alikhani H, Dariushi S. An experimental study on the effect of adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes on high-velocity impact behavior of fiber metal laminates. Composite Structures. 2018;201:561-9##.
[25] Aghamohammadi H, Eslami-Farsani R, Tcharkhtchi A. The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical behavior of basalt fibers metal laminates: An experimental study. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2020;98:102538##.
[26] ASTM‐D2651‐01. Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) West Conshohocken, PA; 2001##.
[27] Ghashochi-Bargh H, Hasani M. Investigation of lamb waves propagation in variable stiffness fiber metal laminated plates using finite element method. Journal of Aerospace Mechanics. 2023;19(3): 81-92##.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 February 2023
  • Revise Date: 19 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 03 May 2023
  • Publish Date: 23 August 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics