Presenting a Continuum Model for Analyzing the Oscillatory Behavior of Buckyball Molecule Inside Carbon Nanotorus

Document Type : Dynamics, Vibrations, and Control

Authors

1 Corresponding author: Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

Abstract

In this article, the oscillatory behavior of buckyball-carbon nanotorus nano-oscillator is investigated. The buckyball molecule is under the influence of three forces; namely van der Waals, centrifugal and gravity while rotating inside the nanotorus. To obtain the non-bonded interactions, the continuum approximation along with the Lennard-Jones potential function is used. Using this approach, semi-analytical expressions are presented to determine the potential energy and van der Waals force between buckyball and nanotorus. By deriving the equations of rotational motion of the buckyball inside the nanotorus based on the Newton’s second law, a novel formula is introduced to attain the frequency of the nano-oscillator depending on the initial conditions and geometrical parameters of system. Numerical results show that gravitational potential energy is negligible compared to the van der Waals and centrifugal potential energies. Moreover, if the ring radius of nanotorus tends to infinity, the equilibrium position of buckyball inside nanotorus is completely consistent with that of buckyball inside infinite nanotube. The effect of tube and ring radii of nanotorus on the equilibrium position of buckyball inside nanotorus and also the frequency of the oscillations of the system is examined. The results presented in this article indicate that buckyball-carbon nanotorus nano-oscillator produces frequencies up to 1500 gigahertz. Furthermore, the frequency of this nano-oscillator is several times higher than that of buckyball-carbon nanotube nano-oscillator.

Graphical Abstract

Presenting a Continuum Model for Analyzing the Oscillatory Behavior of Buckyball Molecule Inside Carbon Nanotorus

Highlights

  • Gravitational force is negligible compared to van der Waals and centrifugal forces.  
  • The equilibrium position of buckyball depends on the tube radius of nanotorus.
  • The frequency resulting from the rotation of buckyball molecule inside nanotorus is in the gigahertz range.

Keywords

Main Subjects


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References

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Aerospace Mechanics
Volume 20, Issue 4 - Serial Number 78
Serial No. 78, WinterQuarterly
March 2025
Pages 23-42

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 21 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 01 September 2024
  • Publish Date: 19 February 2025

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